Ver. 6. All the beasts. That is, many of all kinds. Ch. --- So it is said, (Jer. ix. 26,) all the nations are uncircumcised, though some few observed the rite of circumcision with the Jews. H.

Ver. 7. Hardened. He did not beg for a deliverance, as the beasts were dead. M.

Ver. 9. Blains. Pestiferous buboes or burning swellings. C. --- Thus were the pride and luxury of the Egyptians punished by Moses; and they who had kept the Hebrews in an iron furnace, were themselves scorched with fiery ashes and ulcers. M.

Ver. 11. Stand before to oppose Moses. They could not screen themselves. H.

Ver. 12. Hardened, &c. See the annotations above, chap. v. 21, chap. vii. 3, and chap. viii. 15. Ch. --- The wicked man, when he is come into the depth of sins, condemneth: but ignominy and reproach follow him. Prov. xviii. 3.

Ver. 14. Plagues of fire and hail, that thy heart may relent. But as all my chastisements will not produce this effect, I will be glorified in thy fall. H. --- I could now strike thee dead; (v. 15,) but I reserve thee for a more dreadful punishment, (v. 17,) in the waters of the Red Sea. C.

Ver. 15. Pestilence, or various evils which now came fast upon Pharao. M.

Ver. 16. Raised thee to the throne, or preserved thee hitherto from the former plagues. God disposes of things in such a manner, as to draw good out of the evil designs of men. S. Aug. de C. D. xi. 17. Rom. ix. 17. C.

Ver. 19. Cattle. Some had escaped the former plague, or the Egyptians had purchased more from their neighbours, and in the land of Gessen. H. --- God tempers justice with mercy. S. Aug. q. 33. --- Die. This message was accordingly delivered to Pharao. Sam. copy. H.

Ver. 24. In all the land of. So the Heb.: but the Sam. and some Heb. MSS. have simply in Egypt. Ken. --- Founded, about 627 years before. Hence it appears, that the rain falls in some parts of Egypt, (M.) particularly about Tanis, v. 18. 34. C. Wisd. xvi. 17.

Ver. 32. Lateward. The hail fell in February. Bonfrere Aristophanes (in Avibus) says, the Egyptians and Phenicians have their harvest when the cuckoo begins to sing. The month Nisan, which answers to part of March and April, was honoured with the first fruits. C. xiii. 4. M.

Ver. 35. Hard. Heb. "and he hardened his heart." W.