Olivier Maillard

Celebrated preacher, b. at Juignac, (?), Brittany, about 1430; d. at Toulouse, 22 July, 1502. He took the Franciscan habit with the Observants, apparently in the province of Aquitaine. He was there the vicar Provincial of the Observants, when on 2 June, 1487, he was elected Vicar General of the Ultramontane Observants (i.e. those north of the Alps) at the general chapter of the Observants at Toulouse. After his first term of office (1487-90), he was twice re-elected (1493-6 and 1499-1502). Retiring from office at the General Chapter of 15 May, 1502, he went to Toulouse, where he died at the monastery of St. Mary of the Angela. As miracles soon occurred at his grave, the General Chapter of Barcelona in 1508 ordered that his remains should be translated to a chapel built specially for them, where for some time he enjoyed a certain amount of public veneration. He is specially celebrated as a forceful, popular preacher, who preached inspiriting and profitable Lenten sermons in both churches and public places. His manner and style were indeed often rather bluntly plebeian, but by no means so rough as the later classicists have proclaimed them to be. Of a fearless nature, he did not abstain from well-merited attacks upon the abuses of his time, and upon the crimes of those in high places (e.g. the cruelties of Louis XI). He also espoused the cause of Jeanne de Valois, the repudiated wife of the Duke of Orléans. On the other hand, Maillard, who was highly respected by all classes, confirmed Charles VIII in his plan of restoring Roussillon and Cerdagne to Aragon. Innocent VIII asked Maillard in 1488 to use his best endeavours with the French king for abolishing the Pragmatic Sanction: but in this task he was unsuccessful, like many others.

Of his works, nearly all of which are sermons, there is no complete collection; they appeared in detached fashion, many in various editions and in both French and Latin. The most important are: "Sermones de adventu, quadragesimales et dominicales" (3 vols., Paris, 1497-8, 1506, 1522, etc.: Lyons, 1498, etc.); "Sermones de adventu, quadragesimales, dominicales" and "De peccati stipendio et gratiae praemio" (Paris, 1498-, 1515, etc.; Lyons, 1503), delivered at Paris in 1498; "Quadragesimale", delivered at Bruges in 1501 (Paris, s.d.); printed with the author's notes and the edition of his "Sermon fait l'an 1500 . . . en la ville de Bruges" (2nd ed., Antwerp, s. d.); "Chanson piteuse . . . chantée à Toulouse 1502" (2nd ed., Paris, 1826); "Histoire de la passion. . .de nostre doulx sauveur" (Paris, 1493); "La conformité et correspondance tres dévote des. . .mystères de la messe à la passion. . .", (Paris, 1552), reprinted as a literary monument (Paris, 1828); "L'instruction et consolacion de la vie contemplative", (Paris, s.d.), containing various treatises; "La confession de Frère Oliver Maillard" (Paris, s.d. ; Paris, 1500), frequently edited.

SAMOUILLAN, Etude sur la chaire. . .francaise au XVe siecle, Oliver Maillard (Bordeaux, Toulouse, and Paris, 1891); BORDERIE, OEuvres francaises d'Oliv. M. : Sermones et poesies (Nantes, 1877); PIAGET in Annales du Midi, V (Toulouse, 1893), 315 sqq.: WADDING, Annales Ord. Frat. Minorum, XIV (Rome, 1735), 270; (2nd ed. Rome, 1806), 184; (3rd ed., 1906), 571; SBARALEA, Supplem. ad. Script. O. M. (Rome, 1806), 571; FERET, La faculte de theologie de Paris, epoque moderne, II, 213-33; CHEVALIER, Bio-bibl. (Paris, 1907), s. v.

MICHAEL BIHL