Juan Carreno de Miranda

Spanish painter, b. at Avilés in Asturia, 1614; d. at Madrid, 1685. He was a pupil of Pedro de Las Cuevas and Bartolomé Roman, but at the age of twenty knew more than his masters could teach him, and left them to set up a studio for himself. Velazquez is said to have interested himself to gain permission for the young artist to study the frescoes of the royal palaces; Carreno then obtained a commission to decorate the mirrors in the palace of Alcázar, and his talents so recommended him to the Court that in 1660 he was appointed by the king as court painter (pintor de cámara), a position he retained under the next king, Charles II. He was a man of particularly happy, peaceable disposition, full of generosity, and an immense favourite with his pupils and friends. His work is tender, suave, and of pure, fresh colouring, and in his particular method he is only surpassed by Murillo. Unfortunately, he was too much given to imitating the work of Velazquez, and, although his portraits are powerful and truthful likenesses, their resemblance in general pose to those of the master force them to challenge the incomparable works of Velazquez, to the obvious detriment of Carreño. His strongest portrait is that of Prince Pedro Ivanovitz Potemkin, Ambassador from the Emperor of Russia to the Court of Spain, a full length figure in red, and he painted three portraits of Charles II, life-like representations of the child-king. He executed several etchings. His best paintings are to be seen at Madrid, St. Petersburg, Pamplona, Valenciennes, and Vienna. Palomino gives a long account of his pictures in Alcala, Segovia, and Pamplona, but very little about the artist himself. He was responsible, with Francisco Ricci, for the decoration of the celebrated cupola of San Antonio de los Portugueses, and the same two artists collaborated in painting the "Magdalen in the Desert" for the Convent of Las Recogidas.

CEÁN BERMÚDEZ, Diccionario histórico de los más ilustres profesores de las Bellas Artes in España (Madrid, 1800); BALDINUCCI, Notizie de' Professori del disegno (Florence, 1688); CONCA, Descrizione odeporica della Spanga (Parma, 1793); COESIO, La Pintura española (Madrid, 1886); MADRAZO, Catálogo descriptivo é histórico de los cuadros del Museo del Prado (Madrid, 1872); ORLANDI, Abecedario pittorico (Naples, 1733); PACHECO, Arte de la Pintura (Seville, 1649); PALOMINO DE CASTRO Y VELASCO, Museo Pictórico y Escala Optica (Madrid, 1715); ID., El Parnaso español pintoresco laureado (Madrid, 1724); STIRLING, Annals of the Artists of Spain (London, 1848); SMITH, Painting, Spanish and French (London, 1884); HARTLEY, Spanish Painting (London, 1904); ZARCO DEL VALLE, Documentos inéditos para la Historia de las Bellas Artes en España (Madrid, 1870).

GEORGE CHARLES WILLIAMSON