William, Abbot of Saint-Bénigne

Abbot of Saint-Bénigne at Dijon, celebrated Cluniac reformer, b. on the Island of Giuglio on Lake Orta near Novara in Piedmont in 962; d. at Fecamp, one of his reformed monasteries in Normandy, 1 January 1031. At the age of seven he was brought as an ablate to the Benedictine monastery of Locedia near Vercelli, and went to Cluny in 987. A year later he was sent by Abbot Majolus to reform the priory of Saint-Saturnin near Avignon and, upon his return to Cluny in 990, was appointed Abbot of Saint-Bénigne at Dijon. He was ordained priest, 7 June 990. As Abbot of Saint- Bénigne he inaugurated an extensive reform of the Benedictine monasteries in Normandy, Burgundy, and Lorraine. The Bishop of Langres put him at the head of all the monasteries of his diocese and finally he ruled over more than 40 monasteries and about 1200 monks. In all these monasteries he introduced the severe discipline of Cluny and in many of them established schools for the monks and monastic candidates as well as for the laity. At Saint- Bénigne he erected (1001-1018) a church in the Romanesque style, then considered the most beautiful in France. William's literary works, consisting of seven sermons, one mystic treatise on St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, vii, 15 sq., eight letters to Pope John XIX, St. Odilo, etc., and his testament, are printed in Chevalier [loc. cit. below, 213-860]. Though William has not been formally canonized, he is honoured as a saint in various places. His feast is on 1 January.

CHEVALIER, Le venerable Guillaume, Abbe de Saint-Bénigne de Dijon, reformateur de l'ordre benedictin au XI siecle (Paris and Dijon, 1875); RINGHOLZ in Studien u. Mittheilungen aus dem Benedikiner-Orden, III (Wurzburg and Vienna, 1882), 362-83, chiefly a German resume of the preceding; SACKUR, Die Cluniacenser, I (Halle, 1892-4), 257-69, passim. A reliable Life by RAOUL GLABER, a contemporary and disciple of William, is printed in P.L., XCLII, 697- 720, also in Acta S., I Jan., 57 sq.

MICHAEL OTT