TWELFTH AGE OF THE CHURCH

POPES

A. D.

1118 Paschal II., April 17, 21, May 25, July. 2, Aug. 1.

1118–1119 Gelasius II. May 25, June 6.

1119–1124 Calixtus II. May 25, April 17, June 6.

1124–1130 Honorius II. May 16, June 6, July 2, Aug. 20.

1130–1143 Innocent II. Feb. 8. April 1, 17, June 6, Aug. 20.

1143–1144 Celestine II. Aug. 20.

1144–1145 LucinsIL., June 6, Aug. 20, Oct. 28.

1145–1153 Eugenius III. Feb. 4, 10, May 8, July 15, Aug. 20.

1153–1154 Anastasius IV. June 8.

1154–1159 Adrian IV. Jan. 19, Feb. 15, April 18.

1159–1181 Alexander III. Feb. 15, April 18, July 1, Nov. 13, Dec. 29.

1181–1185 Lucius III. May 18, July 18.

1185–1187 Urban III. Feb. 8.

1187–1187 Gregory VIII.

1187–1191 Clement III., July 2.

1191–1198 Celestine III., May 8, June 27, July 12.

1198 Innocent III Aug. 4.

ANTIPOPES

Gulbert, July 2.

1118 Maurice Bourdin, called Gregory VIII.

1130 Peter, called Anacletus II.,V. Mary called June 6, Aug. 20. Nov. 3.

1138 Gregory, called Victor.

1159 Octavian, called Victor III.

1164 Guy, called Paschal III.

1168 John, called Calixtus III.

1178 Landon, called Innocent III.

KINGS OF ENGLAND

1135 Henry I., April 21, Aug. 20, Dec. 29.

1154 Stephen, Dec. 29.

1189 Henry II., Nov. 14, Dec. 29.

1199 Richard I., Aug. 25, Nov. 17.

John Sans terre.

KINGS OF FRANCE

1108 Philippe I.

1137 Louis VI. le Gros.

1180 Louis VII. le Jeune.

Philippe II. Auguste.

COUNCILS

1102 Westminster, April 21.

1119 Rheims, June 6, Aug. 20.

1121 Soissons, Aug. 20.

1123 First of Lateran, 9th gen.

1128 Troyes, April 17.

1131 Rheims, June 6.

1134 Pisa, Aug. 20.

1139 Second of Lateran, 10th gen.

1140 Sens, Aug. 20.

1147 Auxerre, Aug. 20.

1163 Tours, Dec. 29.

1179 Third of Lateran, 11th gen., Nov. 13.

ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS

1101 St. Bruno, Oct. 6.

1109 St. Hugh of Cluni, April 29.

Ingulphus, April 11.

St. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, April 21.

St. Stephen, Abbot of Citeaux, April 17.

1110 St. Robert, April 29.

1113 Sigebert of Glembour.

Odo, Bishop of Cambray.

1115 Ives of Chartres, May 20.

Leo of Marsica, Cardinal Bishop of Ostla.

1116 Robert of Arbrissels, Feb. 24.

1121 Eadmer, May 19, April 20.

1124 Guibert, Abbot of Nogent, Aug. 20, Oct. 6.

1125 St. Bruno, Bishop of Segni, July 18, Oct. 6.

1131 Alger, Monk of Cluni, wrote on the blessed Eucharist, April 29.

1132 St. Hugh, Bishop of Grenoble, April 1.

1133 Hildebert, Archbishop of Tours.

1134 St. Norbert, June 6.

1135 Robert, Abbot of Duits.

1139 St. Otho of Bamberg, July 2.

William, Abbot of Thierry, Aug. 20.

1142 Hugh of St. Victor, July 21, Aug. 20.

1148 St. Malachy, Nov. 3.

1153 St. Bernard, Aug. 20.

1156 Peter the Venerable, June 26, Oct. 6.

1158 Otho, Bishop of Frisingern.

1160 Gratian the Canonist, Jan. 23, May 20.

1164 Peter Lombard, April 21, July 14.

1170 St. Thomas of Canterbury, Dec. 29.

1171 Achard of Avranches, May 10.

1173 Richard of St. Victor.

1180 John of Salisbury.

1198 Peter Comestor.

William of Malmesbury.

SAINTS

SAINTS OF ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, AND IRELAND

St. Aelred, Abbot of Rleval, Jan. 12.

St. Henry, Archbishop of Upsal, (English,) Jan. 19.

St. Gilbert, Abbot, England, Feb. 4.

St. Ulric, Recluse, England, Feb. 20.

St. William, Martyr, Norwich, March 24.

St. Celsus, Archbishop of Armagh, April 6.

St. Caradoc, Brecknockshire, April 13.

St. Mans, Bishop, Scotland, April 16.

St. Stephen, Abbot of Citeaux, England, April 17.

St. Silave, Bishop, Ireland, May 17.

St. Godrick, England, May 21.

St. Walter, Abbot, England, June 4.

St. Robert, Abbot, England, June 7.

St. William, Archbishop of York, June 8.

St. Watheof, Abbot of Melross, England, Aug. 3.

St. Richard, Bishop of Andria, England, Aug. 21.

St. Malachy, Archbishop of Armagh, Ireland, Nov. 3.

St. Laurence, Archbishop of Dublin, Ireland, Nov. 14.

St. Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, England, Dec. 29.

SAINTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES

St. Stephen, Abbot, France, Feb. 8.

St. William of Maleval, France, Feb. 10.

St. Martinianus, Cæsarea, Feb. 13.

B. Robert of Arbrissel, Feb. 24.

Charles the Good, Emperor of Flanders, March 2.

St. Hugh, Bishop of Grenoble, France, April 1.

St. Albert, Tournay, April 1.

St. Benezet, France, April 14.

St. Druon, Recluse, Flanders, April 16.

St. Galdin, Archbishop, Milan, April 18.

St. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury.

Aoust, April 21.

St. Robert, Abbot of Molesme, France, April 29.

St. Hugh, Abbot of Cluni, France, April 29.

St. Ajutre, Confessor, Normandy, April 30.

St. Avertin, Confessor, May 6.

St. Peter, Archbishop of Tarentaise, France, May 8.

St. Isidore of Madrid, Spain, May 10.

St. Ubaldus, Bishop of Gubio, Italy, May 16.

St. Eric, King of Sweden, Martyr, May 18.

B. Yvo, Bishop of Chartres, France, May 20.

St. Norbert, Abbot of Magdebourg, Confessor, June 6.

St. Elizabeth of Sconauge, Abbess, June 18.

St. William of Monte Virgine, Piedmont, June 25.

St. Anthelm, Bishop of Bellay, June 26.

The Venerable Raingarda, Widow, France, June 26.

St. Otho, Bishop of Bamberg, Suabia, July 2.

St. Bruno, Bishop of Segni, Piedmont, July 8.

St. Helen of Skofde, Martyr, Sweden, July 31.

St. Bernard, Abbot, Burgundy, Aug. 20.

St. Rosalia, Virgin, Sicily, Sept. 4.

St. Hildegardis, Virgin, Abbess, Germany, Sept. 17.

St. Bruno, founder of the Carthusians, Oct. 6.

St. Godfrey, Bishop of Amiens, France, Nov. 8.

St. Homobonus, Confessor, Lombardy, Nov. 13.

St. Leopold, Marquis of Austria, Nov. 15.

HERETICS

A. D.

1110 Basil, chief of the Bogomiles.

1124 Tanchelin, June 6.

1139 Arnold of Brescia, Aug. 4, 24.

1140 Abelard, Aug. 20.

1147 The Albigenses, Jan. 31, Aug. 4.

The Henricians, Aug. 4, 20.

Peter of Bruis, Aug. 4, 20.

1148 Gilbert of Porré, Aug. 20.

1166 Demetrius.

1167 The Publicans.

1184 The Cathari, April 29, Aug. 4.

Peter Valdo, Aug. 4.

EVENTS

Conversion of Nations

1124 St. Otho preaches the faith in Pomerania, by commission from Honorius II., July 3.

1151 St. Henry preaches the faith in Finland, Jan. 19.

On the conversion of Sweden, Jan. 19.

Nicholas Breakspear, an Englishman, afterward Pope Adrian IV., preaches the faith in Norway, Jan. 19, Feb. 15.

DOCTRINE AND DISCIPLINE

Eucharist, June 5.

Mass, Feb. 8, May 16, 18, Aug. 3, 20, Oct. 6, Nov. 8, Dec. 29.

Vlaticum, Feb. 8, June 26, Aug. 20, Nov. 3.

Extreme Unction Feb. 8, June 26, Aug. 20, Nov. 3.

Confession, June 9, Nov. 3, 15. Dec. 29.

Sign of the Cross, May 16, Aug. 20.

RELIGIOUS ESTABLISHMENTS, &c.

A. D.

The Order of the Gulelmites Instituted by St. William, Feb. 10.

The Order of the Gilbertines founded in England, Feb. 4.

1125 The Order of Premontré, instituted by St. Norbert, is confirmed, June 6.

1132 Fountains Abbey in Yorkshire, June 7.

The Congregation de Monte Virgine founded by St. William, June 25.

1186 St. Stephen of Grandmont founds his Order, Feb. 8.

General Chapters of Religious Orders, April 17.

1133 Sacred studies are restored at Oxford by Robert Poleyn, and great privileges are granted to the University by Pope Lucius II., Oct. 28.

On the University of Paris, Aug. 20.

1109 A correct copy of the Latin Bible is written by St. Stephen of Citeaux, April 17.

On the Pallium, June 8.

On the Crusades, Aug. 20, 25.

On the Teutonic Knights, May 5.

The Knights of Malta and the Knights Templars, May 5.

On the history of Ireland, Nov. 13.

On the history of Austria, Nov. 15.

On Frederic Barbarossa, April 18, May 8.