ELEVENTH AGE OF THE CHURCH

POPES

A. D.

1003 Sylvester II., Sept. 2.

1003–1003 John XVII.

1004–1009 John XVIII., June 19, July 15.

1009–1012 Sergius IV.

1012–1024 Benedict VIII., March 3, July 15.

1024–1033 John XIX.

1033–1044 Benedict IX., Jan. 1, Sept. 2.

1045–1046 Gregory VI., Feb. 23.

1046–1047 Clement II., Feb. 23.

1048–1048 Damasus II., April 19.

1049–1054 St. Leo IX., Feb. 23, April 19, 21, 23, Oct. 31.

1055–1057 Victor II., Feb. 23, April 19, May 25.

1057–1058 Stephen X., Feb. 23, May 25.

1058–1061 Nicholas II., Feb. 23, April 19, 21, May 25, Oct. 13.

1061–1073 Alexander II., Feb. 23, April 19, 21, May 7, 25, July 12.

1073–1085 St. Gregory VII., April 19, May 25, July 18.

1086–1087 Victor III., May 25, July 18.

1087–1099 Urban II., April 21, May 20, 25.

1099 Paschal II., May 25.

ANTIPOPES

1012 Gregory.

1044 John, called Sylvester III.

1058 John, Bishop of Valetri, called Benedict.

1061 Cadalous, called Honorius II.

1080 Guibert, called Clement III.

1100 Albert.

Theodoric.

Maginulf.

KINGS OF ENGLAND

1016 Ethelred II., April 19, Oct. 13.

1017 Edmund, June 10, Oct. 13.

1036 Canute, June 10, Oct. 13.

1040 Harold, June 10, Oct. 13.

1042 Hardicanute, June 10, Oct. 13.

1053 Alfred, Oct. 13.

1066 St. Edward III., June 10, Oct. 13.

Harold, June 10.

1087 William the Conqueror, June 10, April 12, Aug. 3, Dec. 29.

1100 William Rufus, April 21.

KINGS OF FRANCE

1031 Robert.

1060 Henry I.

Philippe I.

COUNCILS

1005 Dortmund in Westphalia, July 15.

1009 Oenham, April 19.

1049 At Rheims, April 21.

August Berengartine

1050 At Rome, April 19.

At Vercelli, April 19.

At Paris, April 19.

1054 At Florens, April 19.

1059 At Rome, April 19.

1063 At Rouen, April 19.

1076 At Poitiers, April 19.

1079 At Rome, April 19.

At Tours, May 25.

1054 Lyons, May 25.

1095 Clermont, Aug. 20.

1098 Bari, April 21.

1099 Rome, April 21.

ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS

A. D.

1003 Sylvester II., Sept. 2.

1004 St. Abbo, Abbot of Fleury, Nov. 10.

1005 Aimo, Abbot of Fleury.

1007 Hariger, Abbot of Lobbes.

1009 Guy of Arezzo, Inventor of the Gamut June 24.

St. Bruno, Archbishop of Prussia, June 19.

1019 Ditmar, Bishop of Mersburgh.

1026 Bouchard, Bishop of Worms.

1029 Fulbert, Bishop of Chartres.

1030 Ademar, or Aimar.

1033 Aderan of Sens.

1043 Alexis, Patriarch of Constantinople.

1045 Bruno of Wurtzburg, Oct. 6.

Glaber of Cluni.

1049 St. Odilo, Jan. 1.

1050 Adelman, April 19.

1054 Herman Contract, Sept. 2.

1057 Alfanus, Archbishop of Florence.

1060 Durand, April 19.

1072 St. Peter Damian, Cardinal, Feb. 3.

1070 Theophylactus the Commentator, Jan. 27.

1079 Guitmund, April 19.

1086 Lanfranc of Canterbury, April 19, 21.

St. Gregory VII., May 25.

St. Anselme of Lucca.

On the writers against Berengarius, see April 19.

SAINTS

The following were remarkable for their sanctity in this age:

St. Ulfrid, Brittany, Jan. 18.

St. Wulstan, Bishop, England, Jan. 19.

St. Sigefride, Bishop, England, Feb. 15.

St. Elphege, Archbishop of Canterbury, April 19.

St. Walstan, England, May 30.

St. Eskill, Bishop, England, June 12.

St. William, England, Sept. 2.

St. Edward, Confessor, England, Oct. 13.

St. Osmund, Dec. 4.

St. Margaret, Queen of Scotland, June 10.

St. Malrubius, Scotland, Aug. 27.

St. Lucy, Virgin, Scotland, Sept. 19.

St. Colman, Martyr, Ireland, Oct. 13.

St. Gerald, France, April 5.

St. Walker, France, April 8.

St. Odilo, France, Jan. 1.

St. Theobald, France, July 1.

St. Arnoul, Bishop, France, Aug. 15.

St. Canutus, King of Denmark, Jan. 19.

St. Godard, Bishop, Germany, May 4.

St. Bernward, Bishop, Germany, Nov. 20.

St. Anno, Archbishop, Germany, Dec. 4.

St. Stephen, King of Hungary, Sept. 2.

St. Olave, King of Norway, July 29.

St. Henry II., Emperor, July 15.

St. Cunegunda, Empress, March 3.

St. Stanislas, Bishop, Poland, May 7.

St. Ladislas, first King of Hungary, June 27.

St. Romanus, &c., Muscovy, July 24.

St. Gerard, Venice, Sept. 24.

St. Poppo, Jan. 25.

St. Alice, Virgin, Abbess, Feb. 5.

St. Romuald, Ravenna, Feb. 7.

B. Robert, April 24.

St. Godeschalc, Martyr, June 7.

St. Bernard of Menthon, June 15.

St. Hemma, Widow, June 29.

St. Guy. Sept. 12.

St. Nilus the Younger, Sept. 26.

St. Dominic Loricatus, Oct. 14.

HERETICS

A. D.

1001 Leutard and Vilgar.

1017 Stephen and Lisay, Manicheans.

1050 Berengarius, April 19, 21.

1053 Michael Cerularius renews the Greek Schism, April 19, July 24, Oct. 23.

1095 Roscelin, Feb. 24, April 21.

EVENTS

Conversion of Notions.

St. Ulfrid preaches to the Swedes, Jan. 18.

St. Eskill preaches in Sweden, June 12.

A. D.

1055 The Norwegians converted, July 29.

St. Boniface of Camaldoli preaches in Russia, June 19.

The Muscovites did not receive the faith from the Greek Schismatics, but were in their first conversion Catholics, July 24.

DOCTRINE AND DISCIPLINE

Confession and communion, Jan. 19.

Mass, Jan. 19, Feb. 23, March 3, April 19.

Viaticum and Extreme Unction, Jan. 1, April 19, June 10.

Fast on Friday, April 19.

Annual commemoration of the faithful departed, Jan. 1.

On the history of the Huns, Sept. 2.

On Ordeals, Oct. 13.

On ancient titles, Oct. 13.

On the laws of Edward the Confessor, Oct. 13.

On Westminister Abbey, Oct. 13.

On the King’s Evil, Oct. 13.

On the Sarum Use, Dec. 4.

Treaty called the True of God, Jan. 1.

RELIGIOUS INSTITUTES, &C.

1009 St. Romuald founde the Order of Camaldoli, Feb. 7.

1040 The Abbey of Bec founded, April 21.

1078 St. John Gualbert founds the religious Order of Vallis Umbrosa, July 12.

1084 St. Bruno founds the Order of the Carthusians, April 1, Oct. 6.

1098 The Cistercian an Order is founded, Apirl 17, 29.

1099 On the Monastery of Montirraud, Feb. 4.

On the Russians, June 19.

On the Russian schismatics, July 24.

The empire of the West restored, July 15.

On the origin of the Muscovites, July 24.

On the origin of the Poles, Bohemiane, Daimatians, and Istriaus, Sept. 2.