NINTH AGE OF THE CHURCH

POPES

A. D.

816 Leo III., Nov. 22.

816–817 Stephen V.

817–824 Paschal, Nov. 22.

824–827 Eugenius II., Dec. 22.

827–827 Valentine.

828–844 Gregory IV., Feb. 3.

844–847 Sergius II., July 17.

847–855 St. Leo IV., July 17.

On Pope Joan. See July 17.

855–858 Benedict III., July 17.

858–867 Nicholas I., April 6, Oct. 23, Dec. 16, 22.

867–872 Adrian II., March 26, Oct. 23.

872–882 John VIII., Oct. 23, Dec. 22.

882–884 Marin, or Martin II., Oct. 23.

884–885 Adrian III., Oct. 23.

885–891 Stephen IV., Oct. 23.

891–896 Formosus.

896–897 Stephen VII.

897–898 Romanus.

898–898 Theodorus II.

898–900 John IX.

ANTIPOPES

824 Zizimus.

855 Anastasius.

891 SergIus

EMPERORS OF THE WEST

Established in 800, in favor of

814 Charlemagne, Jan. 2.

840 Louis le Débonnaire, Jan. 2, Feb. 12, July 18.

855 Lothaire I.

875 Louis II.

877 Charles II.

878 Louis III.

888 Charles III.

899 Arnoul.

Louis IV.

EMPERORS OF THE EAST

A. D.

802 Irene, Feb. 25, Nov. 22.

811 Nicephorus and Stauratius, Nov. 22.

813 Michael Curopalatus, April 4, Oct. 23.

820 Leo the Armenian, Feb. 25, March 13, Oct. 23.

829 Michael the Stutterer, Feb. 25, June 14.

842 Theophilus, Oct. 23.

867 Michael III., March 13, June 14.

886 Basil the Macedonian, Oct. 23.

Leo the Philosopher.

KINGS OF ENGLAND

837 Egbert, July 15.

857 Ethelwolf, July 4, 15.

860 Ethelbald, July 15.

866 Ethelbert.

872 Ethelred.

899 Alfred the Great, July 4, 15, Oct. 28.

Edward.

KINGS OF FRANCE

814 Charlemagne, Jan. 2.

843 Louis le Débonnaire

877 Charles le Chauve.

879 Louis le Beque.

882 Louis III.

884 Carloman.

888 Charles le Gros.

898 Eudes.

Charles le Simple.

COUNCILS

813 Capitulars of Charlemagne, Feb. 12.

849 Quiescy, April 6, 26.

853 Quiescy II., April 6.

817 Aix la Chapelle, Feb. 12.

848 At Mentz, against Gotescalcus, April 6.

855 Valence, April 6.

869 Fourth of Constantinople, 8th gen., Oct. 23.

ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS

800 George Syncellus, March 13.

804 Alcuin, Deacon of York, May 7, Nov. 11, March 26, Jan. 28.

St. Paullnus of Aquileia.

809 St. Ludger, March 26.

818 The Abbot Theophanes, March 13.

821 St. Benedict of Anlan, Feb. 12.

Theodolphus, Bishop of Orleans, April 6.

826 St. Theodorus the Studite, Nov. 22.

827 St. Adalard, Jan. 2.

828 St. Nicephorus of Constantinople, March 13.

830 Halitgar.

834 The Abbot Ansegisius.

835 The Abbot Smaragdus.

840 Agebardus of Lyons, April 6.

Ratramnus of Corbie, April 6, 26.

840 or 850 Amalarius, Deacon of Metz, May 20.

841 Jonas of Orleans.

842 Hilduin, Abbot of St. Denis.

844 Eginardus, June 5, Oct. 28.

846 St. Methodius, Confessor, Priest, June 14.

849 Walafridius Strabo, May 20.

852 Florus, Deacon of Lyons, April 6.

Amolon, April 6.

856 Rabanus Maurus, Archbishop of Mentz.

858 Photius, Oct. 23.

859 St. Eulogius of Cordova, March 11.

861 St. Prudentius, Bishop of Troyes, April 6.

862 Lupus, Abbot of Ferriere, April 6, Dec. 16.

865 Theodorus Aboucara.

St. Paschasius Radbertus, Jan. 2, April 26.

St. Anscharius, Feb. 3.

866 St. Ralph, June 21.

872 Anastasius Bibliothecarius, July 17.

875 St. Remigius of Lyons, April 6.

876 St. Alderic, Bishop of Mans.

880 Ado of Vienne, Dec. 16.

882 Hincmar of Rheims, Jan. 2, 4, April 6.

884 John Scotus, April 6.

St. Theodorus Crapt, Dec. 27.

880 Usuard.

899 Alfred the Great, King of England, Oct. 28.

Isidor Mercator.

SAINTS

SAINTS OF ENGLAND

St. Ebba, &c., April 2.

St. Winstan, June 1.

St. Modwena, July 5.

St. Swithin, July 15.

St. Alfrida, Aug. 2.

St. Clarus, Nov. 4.

St. Edmund, K. M., Nov. 20.

St. Humbert, Nov. 20.

St. Offa, Nov. 20.

St. Kenelm, Dec. 13.

SAINTS OF SCOTLAND AND IRELAND

St. Guinoch, Scotland, April 13.

St. Modwena, Ireland, July 5.

St. Drostan, Scotland, July 11.

St. Andrew, Ireland, Aug. 22.

B. Constantine II., King of Scotland, April 2.

SAINTS OF OTHER COUNTRIES

St. Adelard, Abbot, France, Jan. 2.

St. Theodora, Empress, Feb. 11.

St. Benedict of Anian, Feb. 12.

St. Tarasius of Constantinople, Priest, Feb. 25.

St. Ludger, Bishop of Munster, March 26.

St. Nicetas, Abbot, Bithynia, April 3.

St. Plato, Abbot, April 4.

St. Leo IV., Priest, July 17.

St. Frederic, Bishop of Utrecht, July 18.

St. Odulph, July 18.

St. Ida, Widow, Sept. 4.

St. Columba, V. M., Sept. 17.

St. Maura, Virgin, Sept. 21.

St. Osith, Virgin, Oct. 7.

St. Nunilo, &c., Martyrs, Oct. 22.

St. Donatus, Bishop of Frisoli, Oct. 22.

St. Ignatius, P. of C. P., Oct. 23.

St. Neot, Anchoret, Oct. 28.

St. Joannicius, Abbot, Nov. 4.

SS. Flora and Mary, Virgins and Martyrs, Nov. 24.

St. Ado, Archbishop of Vienne, Dec. 16.

St. Cyril, Dec. 22.

HERETICS

A. D.

828 Claudius Clement, April 26.

867 Goteschalc, April 6.

John Scotus Erigena, April 6, 19, 26.

Paulicians, Nov. 22.

890 Photius, Oct. 23.

EVENTS

Conversion of Nations

The Sclavonians are converted by SS. Cyril and Methodius, Dec. 22.

Sclavonian Liturgy, Dec. 22.

848 St. Cyril preaches to the Chazari, Dec. 22; sent by St. Ignatius of Constantinople.

865 The Bulgarians are converted, and send ambassadors to Pope Nicholas I., Dec. 22.

894 The Moravians and Bohemians are converted; St. Methodius is made Archbishop of Moravia by Pope Adrian II., Dec. 22.

The Danes, Swedes, and north of Germany are converted by St. Anscharius and St. Rembert, Feb. 3, 4, Sept. 2.

DOCTRINE AND DISCIPLINE

Confirmation given to the Bulgarians, Dec. 22.

Real Presence, March 13, April 6.

Mass, March 26, Nov. 22, Dec. 22.

Viaticum and Extreme Unction, Jan. 2, April 6, Sept. 21, Nov. 22.

Confession, April 6.

Supremacy of the Roman See, Nov. 22.

Apostolical Vicar, Dec. 22.

Holy Images, March 13, Nov. 22.

An end is put to the Iconoclast Heresy, Feb. 11.

RELIGIOUS INSTITUTES, &C.

A. D.

The Monastic Order restored in the West by St. Benedict Anian, Feb. 12.

History of the Greek Schism, Oct. 23.

The Normans invade England, Oct. 28.

The Danes make an irruption into England, July 15, Oct. 28, Nov. 20.

Ethelwolf rebuilds the School for the English at Rome, July 15.

On the Cathedral at Winchester, July 15.

Coddingham Abbey, April 2.

Translation of St. Cuthbert, Sept. 4.

877 or 883 The University of Oxford, founded by the advice of St. Neot, Oct. 23.

St. Edmundsbury, Nov. 20.

The Moors infest Spain, Oct. 22.