FIFTH AGE OF THE CHURCH

POPES

A. D.

399–402 St. Anastasius I., Apr. 7.

402–417 St. Innocent I., July 28.

417–418 St. Zozimus, Aug. 28.

418–422 St. Boniface I., Oct. 25.

422–432 St. Celestine, April 6.

432–440 St. Sixtus III., March 28.

440–461 St. Leo the Great, Apr. 11.

461–468 St. Hilary, June 25.

468–483 St. Simplicius, March 2.

483–492 St. Felix II., or III., Nov. 21.

492–496 St. Gelasius, Nov. 21.

496–498 St. Anastasius II., July 19.

498 Symmachus, July 19.

ANTIPOPES

418 Eulalius, Oct. 25.

498 Laurence, July 19.

EMPERORS OF THE WEST

413 Honorius.

421 Constantius.

455 Valentinian.

Maximus.

456 Avitus.

461 Majorian.

465 Severus.

472 Anthemius.

Olibrius.

474 Gliserius.

475 Julius Nepos.

476 Romulus Augustulus.

476 Odoacer, who took the title of King of Italy, and put an end to the Western Empire, See March 2.

EMPERORS OF THE EAST

408 Arcadius, Jan. 27.

450 Theodosius II.

457 Marcian, Sept. 10.

474 Leo I.

Leo II., Dec. 11.

491 Zeno, Dec. 11.

COUNCILS

400 Toledo, against the Priscillianists, Nov. 11.

402 Turin.

Milevis, first, Aug. 28.

403 Synod at the Oak, Jan. 27.

411 Conference at Carthage, Aug. 28.

412 At Carthage against Celestine, Aug. 28.

415 Jerusalem, Aug. 28.

Diospolis, or Lydda, Aug. 28.

416 Milevis, second, Aug. 28.

Carthage, Aug. 28, July 28.

417 Rome, Aug. 28.

Africa.

418 Carthage.

431 Ephesus, first, 3d general Jan. 28, April 6.

439 Reez, Nov. 27.

441 Orange, first, Nov. 27.

445 Rome, May 5.

449 Latrocinale Ephesinum, Sept. 10, Feb. 17, April 11.

450 Councils held in Ireland by St. Patrick, Mar. 17.

451 Chalcedon, first, 4th gen., April 11, Sept. 9, 17.

452 Arles second.

453 Angers.

455 Arles, third, Nov. 27.

483 Rome.

484 Rome.

494 Rome, under Pope Gelasius, Nov. 21.

ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS

400 St. Gregory of Nyssa, March 9.

403 St. Epiphanius of Salamis, May 12.

407 St. John of Chrysostom, Jan. 27.

410 Rufinus, Sept. 30.

420 Palladius of Helianopolis.

St. Jerome, Sept. 30.

St. Maximus, Bishop of Turin, June 25.

St. Gaudentius of Brescia, Oct. 25.

423 St. Sulpitius Severus, Jan. 29.

430 St. Alexander, founder of the Acæmetes.

St. Augustin, Aug. 28.

St. Possidius of Calama, Aug. 28, May 17.

431 St. Paulinus, Bishop of Nola, June 22.

Philostorgius.

433 John Cassian, July 21.

440 St. Isidore of Pelusium, Feb. 4.

444 St. Cyril of Alexandria, Jan. 28.

445 St. Vincent of Lerins, May 23.

447 St. Proclus of Constantinople, Oct. 24.

449 St. Hilary of Arles, May 5.

450 St. Eucherius, Bishop of Lyons, Nov. 16.

451 St. Peter Chrysologus, Dec. 4.

Socrates the Scholastic, a Novatian.

Zozomen.

457 Theodoret, Bishop of Cyr, Jan. 23, 24.

460 St. Simeon Stylites, Sept. 3.

461 St. Leo the Great, April 11.

463 St. Prosper, June 25.

468 St. Nilus, Nov. 12.

Victor of Aquitaine.

471 Orosius, Aug. 3.

473 Mammertus Claudius.

480 St. Mammertus, Archbishop of Vienne, May 11.

484 Salvian of Marseilles, March 2.

Vigilius, Bishop of Tapsa.

489 Sidonius Apollinaris, Aug. 23.

490 Faustus of Reez, Semipelagian, Nov. 27.

496 St. Gelasius, Pope, Nov. 23.

St. Victor of Vitus, July 13.

St. Severinus, Oct. 23.

St. Maruthas, Dec. 4.

SAINTS

Among the holy Religious, and Monks, are distinguished the following:

St. Arsenius, July 19.

St. Euthymias, Jan. 20.

St. Simeon Stylites, Jan. 5.

St. Honoratus, Jan. 16.

St. Severinus, Jan. 8.

St. John Calybite, Jan. 15.

St. Cadocus, Abbot of Llancarvan, Jan. 24.

St. Martinianus, Hermit, Feb. 13.

St. Maro, Abbot, Feb. 14.

St. Auxentius, Hermit, Feb. 14.

St. Romanus, Abbot, Feb. 28.

St. John of Egypt, March 27.

St. Mary of Egypt, April 9.

St. Vincent of Lerins, May 24.

St. Caprais. Abbot. June 1.

St. Prosper of Aquitaine, June 25.

St. Sisoes, Anchoret, July 4.

St. Poemen, Abbot, Aug. 27.

St. Pammachius, Aug. 30.

St. John the Dwarf, Sept. 15.

St. Nilus, Anchoret, Nov. 12.

St. Daniel the Stylite, Dec. 11.

St. Marcellus, Abbot, Dec. 29.

Other Saints of this age

St. Almachus, Martyr, Jan. 1.

St. Nathalan, Bishop of Aberdeen, Jan. 8.

St. Paula, Widow, Jan. 10.

St. Isidore, Jan. 15.

St. Epiphanius, Bishop of Pavia, Jan. 21.

St. Marcella, Widow, Jan. 31.

St. Abraames, Bishop of Carres, Feb. 14.

St. Porphyrius, Bishop of Gaza, Feb. 26.

St. Euphrasia, Virgin, March 13.

St. Deogratias, Bishop of Carthage, March 22.

St. Perpetuus, Bishop, April 8.

St. Serf, first Bishop of Orkneys, April 20.

St. Macull, Bishop, Ireland, April 25.

St. Brieve, Bishop, May 1.

St. Amator, Bishop of Auxerre, May 1.

St. Mammertus, Archbishop of Vienne, May 11.

St. Julia, V. M., May 23.

St. Desiderius, Bishop of Langres, May 23.

St. Caraunus, M., Gaul, May 28.

St. Ninnoca, V., England, June 4.

St. Ternan, Bishop of the Picts, June 12.

St. Bain, Bishop, Terouanne, June 20.

St. Agoard, &c., MM., June 25.

St. Vigilius, Bishop of Trent, June 26.

St. Alexius, C., July 17.

St. Marcellina, V., July 17.

St. Blaan, Bishop, Ireland, Aug. 10.

St. Muradack, Bishop of Killala, Aug. 12.

St. Liberatus, &c., MM., Aug. 17.

St. Firminus II., Bishop of Amiens, Sept. 1.

St. Macculindus, Bishop, Ireland, Sept. 6.

St. Pulcheria, Empress, Sept. 10.

St. Patiens, Archbishop of Lyons, Sept. 11.

St. Maurilius, Bishop of Angers, Sept. 13.

St. Aper, Sept. 15.

St. Eustochius, Bishop of Tours, Sept. 19.

St. Rusticus, Bishop of Auvergne, Sept. 24.

St. Eustochium. V., Sept. 28.

St. Keyna, V., Wales, Oct. 8.

St. Ursula, &c., VV. MM., Oct. 21.

St. Marcellus, Bishop of Paris, Nov. 1.

St. Benignus, Bishop, Nov. 9.

St. Brice, Bishop, Nov. 13.

St. Anian, Bishop of Orleans, Nov. 17.

St. Ciaran, Bishop, Ireland, Nov. 24.

St. Secundin, Bishop, Ireland, Nov. 27.

St. Corentin, Bishop of Quimper, Dec. 12.

St. Corentin, Dec. 12.

St. Nicasius, &c., Archbishop of Rheims, Dec. 14.

St. Olympias, W., Dec. 17.

St. Melania, Dec. 31.

HERETICS

A. D.

406 Vigilantius, Sept. 30.

408 Pelagius, Aug. 28, July 24.

409 Cælicoli.

412 Celestin, Aug. 28.

418 Julian, Aug. 28.

427 Semipelagians, Aug. 28, June 25, Aug. 27.

428 Nestorius, Jan. 28, Oct. 25, September 8, April 6, Oct. 24.

448 Eutiches, April 11, Feb. 17, 21, Sept. 9.

471 Peter Fullo, Oct. 24, March 2.

486 Xenaia.

Manichees, April 11, Nov. 21, Aug. 28.

EVENTS

Persecutions

In the Vandalic persecutions, under Genseric and Huneric, suffered Saint Victorian, &c., March 23; SS. Armogastes, Archinimus, and Saturus, March 29; St. Eugenius of Carthage, &c., July 13.

421 In the persecution in Persia, under Vararanes, suffered St. James and St. Mahor Sapor, Nov. 27.

Rome sacked by Alaric, Jan. 31, April 27, July 28.

The emperor Zeno publishes his Henoticon, March 2, July 19.

CONVERSION OF NATIONS

St. Maruthas preaches in Persia, Dec. 4.

431 St. Palladius sent by Pope Celestin to preach to the Scots, April 6, Dec. 15.

St. Ninian preaches to the Southern Picts, Sept. 16.

St. Patrick converts Ireland, March 17.

SS. Germanus and Lupus sent into England, April 6, July 24, 26.

St. Severinus, Apostle of Austria, Jan. 8.

496 Baptism of Clovis, King of the Franks, Oct. 1.

452 St. Nathalan consecrated Bishop of Aberdeen, by the pope, Jan. 8.

DOCTRINE AND DISCIPLINE

Confirmation conferred only by bishops, July 29.

Real Presence, Jan. 27, 28.

Mass, Jan. 27, 28.

Masses for the dead, Jan. 27.

On the Liturgy of St. Chrysostom, Oct. 24.

On the Sacramentary of pope Gelasius, Nov. 21.

On the Liturgy, Syro-Chaldaic of Saint Maruthas, Dec. 4.

Relics used in the consecration of altars, June 22.

On Penance and Confession, Jan. 27.

The power of forgiving sins, Jan. 27.

Extreme Unction, July 28.

On the Popes, Oct. 24.

Greater causes referred to the Apostolic See, July 28.

On the Supremacy of the Pope, Jan. 28.

Vicars of the Apostolic See, April 6.

Tradition, Jan. 27.

Miracles, Jan. 27, Aug. 3.

On the sign of the Cross, Jan. 27, 28, June 22, Apr. 9.

Holy Images, June 22.

Pictures, April 9.

Praying for the dead, June 22.

Devotion to saints, June 22, Jan. 27.

Intercession of the Virgin Mary, April 9.

On the veneration of the martyrs, Oct. 30.

Relics, Jan. 26.

On the fast of Lent, Jan. 28.

On Fasting, Jan. 27.

Fasts of Wednesdays and Fridays, by apostolical authority, May 12.

Institution of Rogation Days, May 11.